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Dennis Considen
Dennis Considen (died 1815) was an Irish-born surgeon, best known for his pioneering role in the use of Australian native plants for pharmaceutical use, especially eucalyptus oil, which he used to treat the convicts. He sailed with the First Fleet as surgeon on the ''Scarborough'', which transported English convicts to Port Jackson, Australia, in 1788.
==Pioneering Australian pharmaceutical research==
Considen used indigenous Australian plants to treat a range of diseases afflicting the convict settlement, including scurvy and dysentery. Pharmaceutical preparations included kino from ''Eucalyptus'' and ''Angophora'', 'yellow gum' resin from ''Xanthorrhoea'' spp., native sarsaparilla ''Smilax glyciphylla'', and the 'large peppermint-tree' ''Eucalyptus piperita''.
In November 1788 Considen proclaimed himself to English colleague, Dr Anthony Hamilton, as the colony's pharmaceutic pioneer: ''"...if there is any merit in applying these & many other simples() to the benefit of the poor wretches here, I certainly claim it, being the first who discovered & recommended them."''.〔Copy of letter received by Dr Anthony Hamilton, from Dennis Considen, 18 November 1788, and sent onto Joseph Banks.()〕 For further evaluation, Considen also dispatched a ''Eucalyptus'' oil sample, on the return voyage to England on the ''Golden Grove''.〔Mackern, H.H.G., Research into the volatile oils of the Australian flora, 1788-1967. In: ''A Century of Scientific Progress'', pp. 310–331. Centenary Vol., Royal Society of New South wales. Science Society House, Sydney, 1968.〕〔Small, B.E.J., "Assessing the Australian ''Eucalyptus'' oil industry". ''Forest and Timber'', 13, pp. 13–16, 1977.〕
The Australian botanist, Joseph Maiden, expressed the opinion that Considen deserves credit for being the first person to recognize the medicinal value of eucalyptus oil extracted from ''E. piperita'' found growing on the shores of Port Jackson.〔Maiden, J.H., ''The Forest Flora of New South Wales'', vol. 4, Government Printer, Sydney, 1922.〕 John White, Surgeon General to the Colony, is also credited with the discovery of peppermint gum oil, in documenting the matter〔Lassak, E.V., & McCarthy, T., ''Australian Medicinal Plants'', Methuen Australia, 1983, p. 15, ISBN 0-454-00438-9.〕 and organizing oil samples to be sent back to England.〔White, J., (''Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales'' ), 1790〕
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